Behind the term "private equity" hides good old "asset stripping" or
"corporate raiders with junk bonds". It is not about making profits
from making things and selling them. It's about making money from
money, buying up companies, stripping them and putting them back on the
market with a mountain of debt. Or to use a simpler term, it's
capitalism.
The
financial pages of the papers have been abuzz about "private equity". A
bunch of private equity firms have just launched a bid of up to £10
billion for ownership of Sainsbury's. All they have to do is to buy up
enough shares on the Stock Exchange to get a controlling stake and,
Bob's your uncle, they're the new owners. Now you've heard of
Sainsbury's. They own 750 stores across the land and employ tens of
thousands of workers. The stalkers are CVC, Blackstone and Kohlberg
Kravis Roberts. You haven't heard of them. What's their game?
First up, where will they find £10 billion, or whatever it costs?
That's the point. A lot of these private equity firms don't have the
money and they don't buy the shares with money. They swap them for
pieces of paper that used to be called junk bonds. This means the only
way they'll be able to pay money on the bonds is by looting and
pillaging the firm they've just taken over.
The first thing
they do is make the firm private. By becoming a private company as
against a plc, they can't be taken over. And they're not subject to the
same scrutiny as a firm whose shares are quoted on the Stock Exchange.
How can they do better than the existing owners? They talk about
"efficiency gains". Most of us would think of an efficiency gain for a
firm like Sainsbury's would be to stop moving the tins of beans around
in that irritating manner and leave them in the same place so we can
find them. But that's not what they mean.
Will Hutton has
suggested a way private equity firms can make more money from
Sainsbury's. All supermarket chains own expensive town centre property.
Let Hutton explain. "If the new owners could sell its stores for £7.5
bn and then require Sainsbury's to rent them back, they would own the
balance of Sainsbury's for £2.5 bn. If they could squeeze wages and
suppliers, they could boost its profit and then float the company on
the public markets for £5 bn." Money conjured out of thin air!
And they do screw the workers. Private equity took over the Automobile
Association and now there are 20% less patrolmen. But that's why people
join the AA - because of the patrolmen, not to line a bunch of rich
financier's pockets
Here's the crazy bit: Gordon Brown will
subsidise the borrowing of these obscenely rich people with tax relief
on this "business investment" with our money. Thanks a lot, Gordon.
So it's not money conjured out of thin air. It's asset stripping. It's
all done by "sweating" the firm's assets. Private equity firms reckon
to make a 20% return in 3-7 years. And then? And then they float them
back on the Stock Exchange as a public company in a state like the
undead. This is what they did to Debenhams, back on the Stock Exchange,
laden with debt.
Private equity financiers would argue that
the threat of takeover keeps firms on their toes and makes capitalist
competition work. This is like the jackals that prey on migratory
wildebeests arguing that they only do so to keep the veldt tidy!
They're after Little Chef. Now, even for those of us without an
entrepreneurial instinct in our heads, it is obvious that Little Chef
is an idea whose time has gone. One way or another Little Chef will
fall under capital accumulation's chariot wheels, and blameless workers
will lose their jobs.
Tony Woodley, General Secretary of the
Transport and General Workers is rightly worried about private equity's
bid for Sainsbury's. There are 20,000 T&G union members working for
the company. And Woodley is right to query whether we should be
subsidising the private equity vampires through tax breaks. Sainsbury's
is not a failing firm like Little Chef. And yet it's under threat, and
therefore so are the wages and jobs of the workers.
Will
Hutton (Observer, 11th February) began his article by commenting, "For
most people it's just more impenetrable financial shenanigans and
another takeover in which extremely rich men get even richer. This is
just capitalism, isn't it?" Right first time! The point is, under
capitalism no worker's job is secure.
Hutton goes on to say,
"Wrong... It's about how democracy works in a capitalist society." But
democracy doesn't work in a capitalist society. Will Hutton is
suggesting public companies quoted on the Stock Exchange (plcs or
public limited companies) are more accountable than private companies.
Most shareholders are motivated by greed and have no commitment to the
firms of which they are part owners. That's why Sainsbury share prices
went up when they heard of the bid, and why the shareholders responded
by selling out to the bidders to make a quick buck. So Hutton is wrong
to suggest that there is more commitment by the "stakeholders" to the
firm and more information for the public with a plc.
Most of
the biggest scams of recent years - Enron, Polly Peck and Worldcom -
happened in plcs. It is a basic axiom of capitalist management that
they try to enrich themselves by all means, including illegal means,
and then lie about it to the workforce and the wider public (including
"outsider" shareholders). This is how capitalism works. Private equity
finance just gives them more scope to get on with it, that's all.
This has happened before. They've just changed the names. In the 1980s
they were called corporate raiders with junk bonds, now it's private
equity finance. It all involves piling up debt. They call this
"leverage" or being "high geared". Try telling your bank manager you're
a high geared buccaneering venture capitalist when you're up to your
ears in debt and see how he takes it.
It's really like
betting an accumulator on trap six at Romford Dogs. If the dogs all
win, your winnings multiply from a small stake. But that doesn't always
happen. It's all gone pear-shaped before. Venture capitalism, whether
it calls itself private equity finance or not, creates a feeding
frenzy. You get a classic financial bubble. Share prices go up because
people are buying and people are buying because share prices are going
up. Isn't capitalism logical?
Bubbles burst. After the dotcom
bubble burst, these people were forced to lie low for a while. Now
they're back with a vengeance. It'll all end in tears. Let's make sure
it's their tears, not ours. Will Hutton' article is called "Welcome to
the dark age of capitalism." The Dark Age is the only age capitalism
knows.